Paul Krugman
France's Retirement Standoff Is Spooking Bond Markets — And Testing the Euro Itself
Something unusual is happening in global finance: investors are growing nervous about France. Credit default swap prices — essentially insurance against a government default — have spiked sharply in recent weeks, pushing French borrowing costs above Italy's for the first time in years. Student protests are filling the streets, and Marine Le Pen's hard-right National Rally leads polls ahead of the 2027 presidential election.
The root cause isn't mysterious: France keeps spending more on pensions than it can afford, while refusing to raise a retirement age that, at 62 years and 9 months, remains the lowest in Western Europe. Plans to gradually push it to 64 have stalled amid opposition from both the far right and far left, even as French retirees now live, on average, two years longer past 65 than Americans do. The result is a widening fiscal hole, cuts to education and other spending, and a political class unwilling to level with voters about the math.
This matters well beyond France's borders. As a eurozone member, France can't simply print its way out of trouble the way the U.S. can — and as the bloc's second-largest economy, it may be too big for the European Central Bank to credibly rescue if confidence collapses further. The story traces how a slow-motion fiscal standoff could, in a worst case, reignite the kind of debt crisis that nearly broke the euro over a decade ago — and asks whether anyone in Europe is prepared to stop it this time.
Persuasion
Why Watching American Politics Gives a Venezuelan Exile Déjà Vu
A writer who fled Venezuela's democratic collapse sees something unnervingly familiar in Washington's latest controversies—Federal money bankrolling political ads disguised as public service announcements, the FCC leaning on broadcasters over a late-night comedian, the White House East Wing bulldozed without explanation. None of it looks like normal politics. It looks like the opening moves of a caudillo.
That's the Spanish term for strongman, though the word carries more weight than the English translation suggests: a messianic figure to whom followers surrender their sovereignty, trusting that only he can fix what ordinary, rule-bound government cannot. Hugo Chávez was one. The argument here is that Donald Trump, despite sitting at the opposite end of the ideological spectrum, operates by the same internal logic—treating every constraint on his power not as a feature of democracy but as an insult to be crushed, symbol by symbol, until no one dares test the boundaries again.
The piece traces the eerie parallels: Chávez's tax inspectors harassing opposition media before outright seizing it; Chávez redrawing the national coat of arms on a whim to prove the revolution answered to him alone. It's a sobering meditation on how democracies don't collapse all at once—they get tested, symbolically, one seemingly minor skirmish at a time, until the people who lived through it the first time recognize the pattern long before anyone else is willing to say it out loud.